Did you know that pneumonia kills
2,500 children every day? According to data updated by UNICEF in August 2016,
pneumonia is the leading infection responsible for deaths among children under five.
Worldwide, this infectious disease killed 920,000 children in 2015, of which a
large percentage was children less than 2 years. Poverty-related factors, such
as malnutrition and the lack of sanitation and safe water, are found to be
leading causes of this ailment among children in India. The drier and milder
climate of cities like Bangalore offer good breeding grounds for such bacteria
and viruses, say some of the best pediatricians in the country.
Pneumonia is a condition
of lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air
sacs fill with pus and become solid. It can affect only one or both the lungs. Children
might experience symptoms like dry cough, fever, chest pain, rapid heartbeat,
nausea, vomiting and muscle aches.
Malnutrition: A Major Contributor to Pneumonia
in Children
About 50% to 60% of children below the
age of 5 suffer from moderate or severe malnutrition in India. In case a child
suffers from pneumonia, then the severity of the disease increases because of
malnutrition, increasing the chances of it turning into a fatal ailment.
Malnutrition decreases muscle strength and muscle mass of the child, followed
by a decrease in immunity or the power to fight various diseases.
The body secretes an antibody known as
IgA, which is reduced in a malnourished child. There is also a decrease in T
cells, which help fight infections. Hence, factors that could help with systematic
resistance against diseases are missing in a malnourished child. In the country's
IT hub, Bangalore, slums are increasing at an alarming rate, which is a major
concern of the best pediatricians in the city. Due to poverty, children do not
have access to proper food and water. In addition, the absence of breast
feeding in the first 4-5 months of birth is also a major contributing factor.
Treatment of Pneumonia
- In
case of severe pneumonia, the child needs to be admitted to a hospital
immediately, where they will be given fluids and antibodies, along with
oxygen therapy and breathing treatments, where needed.
- Children
should be given plenty of fluids, which will help loosen secretions and
bring up phlegm, recommend the best
pediatricians in Bangalore.
- They
should also not be allowed to participate in strenuous activities, which
could deplete their existing energy level.
- Parents
should encourage the habit of carrying a handkerchief everywhere and use
it while coughing and sneezing to avoid spreading any infection.
It is strongly advised to take antibiotics, cough medicines and anti-inflammatory drugs only with a doctor's prescription.